Main Tabs Group

Overview
Formed: 
January 1, 1972

[1]

Disbanded: Group is active.

First Attack: November 2019: Jack Reed, a 16-year-old British boy, was found guilty of planning a terrorist attack. According to police, Reed compiled a list of places in his hometown of Durham that were, in his words, “worth attacking.”[2]

Last Attack: September 12, 2020: 34-year-old Guilherme (William) Von Neutegem stabbed and killed Mohamed-Aslim Zafis outside of a mosque in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[3]

The Order of Nine Angles (O9A or ONA) is a satanic neo-Nazi organization active in the United Kingdom. The group valorizes Hitler and champions the transgression of moral norms, including calling for rape and murder. Ultimately, O9A seeks to weaken society and replace it with a new civilization based on principles of fascism and satanism. O9A practices religious rituals in worship of Hitler and Nazism, which involve sexual acts and sacrifice (human or animal). Founded in the 1970s and originally based in the UK, O9A today operates decentralized networks active around the world. British far-right extremist David Myatt reportedly started the group. Myatt allegedly leads O9A under the pseudonym Anton Long and writes most of its texts. Given O9A’s secretive nature, accurate size estimates are difficult to assess and range from fewer than 10 members to over 2,000 worldwide.

Narrative

In its own words, O9A is a “a secretive esoteric – Occult – association whose primary esoteric concern is the interior change of selected individuals by means of particular Occult methods and Arts.”[4] The United States Department of Justice has characterized O9A’s beliefs as “Satanic, anarchist, neo-fascist, neo-Nazi, and anti-Semitic.”[5] The meaning of the name O9A is unclear and carries several interpretations. One such interpretation is astrological.[6] According to the Italian religion scholar Massimo Introvigne, the “nine angles” “indicate the seven planets and satellites Sun, Moon, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, which together constitute the Tree of Wyrd (an Anglo-Saxon word for “destiny”), plus the entire system as a whole (the eighth angle) and the “mystic” (the ninth angle).”[7]

The origins of O9A are difficult to trace, owing to the organization’s emphasis on secrecy. While O9A claims to be rooted in a pre-Christian pagan tradition, most scholars believe the organization was founded in the 1970s in the United Kingdom by David Myatt using the pseudonym “Anton Long.”[8] Throughout its history, O9A has gone through several distinct phases. Its first phase took place over the 1970s and 1980s and involved the creation and dissemination of many of its central texts, including The Black Books of Satan, The Deofel Quartet, Naos, Hostia, and Hysteron Proteron.[9] 

Its second phase — from the 1990s to the early 21st century — saw a decline in the group’s outward activity. According to scholars, O9A focused “less on recruiting and more on the refining of the Order’s teachings – this was a relatively quiet period, and many of the Order’s senior members withdrew from public scrutiny, leading many to assume that like many other occult groups, the ONA was defunct.”[10]

In 2008, O9A entered a third phase, in which it established an online presence on blogs, online discussion forums, and social media sites, such as Facebook,YouTube, Instagram, and Telegram.[11] O9A’s online presence has allowed it to expand beyond the extreme fringes of the far-right movement and draw in extremists from around the world.[12] Indeed, with the rise of social media, O9A has become “more visible and influential than ever.”[13]

In recent years, O9A has attracted public attention for its involvement in several terrorist plots. For example, in 2019, a 16-year-old boy from Durham, England, became the youngest individual in the United Kingdom to be convicted of planning a terrorist attack.[14] According to police, Reed compiled a list of places in his hometown of Durham that were, in his words, “worth attacking.”[15] Prosecutors alleged that he had been partially influenced by O9A ideology that he read online.[16] Moreover, in June 2020, American authorities arrested Ethan Melzer, a 22-year-old U.S. Army private from Louisville, Kentucky, and charged him with “planning an attack on his U.S. Army unit by sending sensitive details about the unit – including information about its location, movements, and security” — to members of O9A over Telegram.[17]

O9A has also attracted attention for influencing prominent far-right, white supremacist groups, namely the Atomwaffen Division (AWD). AWD—known as National Socialist Order (NSO) after July 2020—is an accelerationist neo-Nazi militant organization operating in the United States with affiliates overseas. Founded in 2015, the group is known for its anti-Semitic, anti-LGBT, and apocalyptic beliefs.[18] In 2017, AWD leader John Cameron Denton began integrating aspects of O9A ideology into AWD’s set of beliefs.[19] For example, Denton added O9A’s book Hostia: Secret Teachings of the Order of Nine Angles to his organization’s reading list.[20]

Despite the influence of O9A, the magnitude of the threat posed by O9A is disputed. Some view O9A as a serious and dangerous threat. According to the British anti-extremist organization Hope not Hate: “[f]or an organisation that spent decades on the fringes of the fringe, its propaganda and message has become more widely distributed than ever before. O9A’s sick ideas have drawn in young extremists in the UK and elsewhere, and have helped nourish a dangerous culture of unprecedented depravity amongst the extreme right…”.[21] On the other hand, some do not consider O9A a major danger. According to a representative of Red Flare, an independent collective of anti-fascist researchers, “Neo-Nazi Satanism is good clickbait, but we do not consider O9A to pose a credible threat.”[22] The Church of Satan, a satanic group that O9A has heavily criticized, offered a similar estimation of the group, writing in a Twitter post on July 23, 2020, “‘Satanic neo-Nazi is an oxymoron, as Satanism is anti-collectivist. The O9A is a meme that has been around for decades. It has no membership or consistent literature, anyone online can come up with the most extreme and ‘evil’ writing and claim to be O9A.”[23]

Organization

Vertical Tabs

Leadership

ONA lacks any central authority or formal structure. Instead, it consists of “independent cells,” known as nexions, and “independent individual operatives.”[24] According to journalist Linda Givetash, “[t]he O9A doesn’t have a classic organizational structure with a leader and set members […] Instead, it consists of an array of smaller chapters while the administrators behind larger chat forums and social media accounts appear to switch hands frequently.”[25]

David Myatt (“Anton Long” or “Abdul Aziz ibn Myatt”): While the origins of O9A are uncertain, scholars believe that David Myatt, a British far-right extremist, founded the group in the 1970s under the pseudonym “Anton Long.”[26] Although Myatt denies being connected to the group, textual evidence analyzed by the religious studies scholar Jacob Senholt refutes this claim.[27] Given O9A’s non-hierarchical structure, it is difficult to determine the extent to which Myatt has controlled the group. Still, scholars generally agree that Myatt has served as “the driving force behind the ONA, and the principal author of most of the Order’s texts.”[28]

In 1969, while in high school, Myatt joined Colin Jordan’s Nationalist Socialist Movement (NSM), a neo-Nazi organization that later came to be known as the British Movement (BM).[29] Myatt served as a bodyguard for Jordan during his rallies for several years before leaving to form his own extremist group called the National Democratic Freedom Movement (NDFM).[30] In addition to NDFM, Myatt also “became involved in paramilitary clandestine violent neo-Nazi groups between the 1970s and 1990s, such as Column 88 and Combat 18, in which he took over leadership positions.”[31]  During that same period, Myatt founded O9A and produced many of the group’s foundational texts.[32] In 1998, Myatt converted to Islam and changed his name to Abdul Aziz ibn Myatt.[33] Jacob Senholt characterized Myatt’s radical ideological shift as “part of a ‘satanic’ game of ‘sinister dialectics.’”[34] Over a decade later, in 2010, Myatt announced that he had rejected Islam along with all extremist ideologies.[35] In 2021, Myatt was listed by the Counter Extremism Project as one of the world’s 20 most dangerous extremists.[36]

Richard Moult (“Christos Beast”):  During the 1990s, Richard Moult, a British artist and musician, allegedly took over the position within O9A known as the “Outer Representative.” As the Outer Representative, Moult served as “the official spokesperson for the ONA.”[37] He resigned from the role at some point in the late 1990s or early 2000s.[38] Moult denies that he was ever a leader and asserts that he now rejects the group’s ideology.[39]

Size Estimates

Given O9A’s secretive nature, accurate size estimates are difficult to assess and range from fewer than 10 members to over 2,000 worldwide.[40] Compounding the difficulty of estimating O9A’s size is the group’s system of new follower initiation, which “has developed as a highly personal journey with little help, no official membership, and only sparse instructions.”[41] To join the group, individuals can follow a guided or unguided path. Under the guided path, an individual seeks out an O9A member or chapter and follows their guidance and training. Under the unguided path, an individual starts independently learning and living by O9A philosophies.[42] According to the group’s WordPress blog called Lapis Philosophicus, O9A does not actively or publicly seek to recruit new members.[43] The blog also states that membership into the O9A is “earned not given” through “a life-long commitment to personal, esoteric, and Aeonic change/development/evolution.”[44]

Despite there being no formal requirements for membership, initiates of O9A are expected to meet certain physical challenges, which include the following: “The minimum standards for men are (a) walking 32 miles carrying a pack weighing not less than 30 lbs in under 7 hours over difficult hilly terrain; (b) running 20 miles in less than two and half hours over fell-like or mountainous terrain; (c) cycling not less than 200 miles in 12 hours.”[45] Members are not required to pay membership fees.[46]

Another important aspect of the initiation process is the adoption of insight roles, which has been likened to a professional internship.[47] According to Jacob Senholt, “undertaking an insight role means gaining real-life experience by working ‘undercover’ for a period of six to eighteen months, challenging the initiate to experience something completely different from their normal life.”[48] During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the insight roles promoted by O9A were primarily within the criminal or military realms, including positions as a professional burglar, an extreme political activist, or a police officer.[49] In the late 1990s and early 21st century, however, O9A introduced new insight roles, such as being a Buddhist monk.[50] The scholars Connell Monette and John Shoup have speculated that “[t]his drastic shift in possible roles could be read perhaps not as a softening of the ONA’s pro-violence convictions, but rather a step towards the internationalizing of the Order.”[51]

Name Changes

There are no recorded name changes for this group.

Resources

Print Media

During the 1980s and 1990s, O9A reached an outside audience by publishing articles in magazines, such as Stephen Sennitt’s NOX, which Sennitt described as an “anthology of truly Infernal Texts on the cutting edge of modern sinister occultism.”[52] In 1988, it began publishing its own journal titled Fenrir.[53] In recent years, O9A has enlisted the help of Joshua Caleb Sutter, the head of the Tempel ov Blood—a United States-based affiliate of O9A —to spread its ideology. Specifically, through his publishing house, Martinet Press, Sutter has published numerous books authored by and related to O9A.[54]

Online Media

Since 2000, O9A has maintained an online presence, and has increasingly relied on the Internet to distribute its texts and reach a wider audience.[55] In the past decade, O9A has turned its attention toward social media sites, such as Telegram and Instagram.[56] This shift has allowed the group to expand beyond the extreme fringes of the far-right movement and draw in extremists from around the world.[57]

Fundraising

There is no evidence that O9A engages in fundraising.

Locations

Disclaimer: This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates. This does not include information on where the group conducts major attacks or has external influences.

O9A’s individual members and chapters, or “nexions,” are located in countries around the world, including the United States, Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Spain, and South Africa.[58] The vast majority of O9A’s activities appear to occur online. Given the secretive nature of the group, it is, according to Jacob Senholt, “impossible to know to what extent members meet and practice rituals.”[59] Still, Senholt claims that “at least some non-Internet activity should be presumed” as certain “recent texts are supposed transcriptions from meetings held at different lodges.”[60]   

Because O9A’s activity is visible almost exclusively online, it is difficult to determine where the group is geographically concentrated. According to Monette Connell and John Shoup, “[t]he majority of the traditional nexions are located in the British Isles, Ireland, and Germany, and the original cell, known as ‘Nexion Zero,’ has long been located in Shropshire, England.”[61] For a detailed map of the global O9A network, see Ariel Koch’s article “The ONA Network and the Transnationalization of Neo-Nazi Satanism.”[62]

Strategy

Vertical Tabs

Ideology and Goals

O9A’s ideology and goals are hard to distill, not only because the group has “produced literally thousands of pages of fiction, theory, and practical guides,” but also because it “delights in misinformation and contradiction.”[63] For example, on its website, O9A writes that it “does/does-not exist, never has existed, and is/is-not defunct; or is/was merely an urban myth; just as we are/are-not a confusing, dark, labyrinthine, satanic, entity.”[64] 

Despite the ambiguity surrounding O9A, it is clear that the group’s ideology is rooted in satanism, and more specifically, “traditional Satanism.” According to the historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, David Myatt’s view of traditional satanism emphasizes “individual growth into realms of darkness and danger through practical acts of prowess, endurance and the risk of life.”[65] O9A holds that its brand of satanism is purer and more genuine than the satanism practiced by other satanic groups, such as the Church of Satan and the Temple of Set, who like the “glamour and danger associated with [satanism] in the public mind but who do not have the guts to be evil – to do dark deeds.”[66]

Along with satanism, a significant aspect of O9A’s ideology is the belief that “civilisations emerge, advance and decay in aeons, historical periods lasting 1,500 to 1,700 years.”[67] O9A believes that the current aeon of Western civilization has been corrupted by Judeo-Christian influences.[68] A distinctly neo-Nazi group, O9A laments the downfall of the Third Reich and champions Hitler for attempting to create a “Satanic empire.”[69] Moreover, in its text “Mass Of Heresy,” O9A writes: “Adolf Hitler was sent by our gods to guide us to greatness. We believe in the inequality of races and in the right of the Aryan to live according to the law of the folk. We acknowledge that the story of the Jewish ‘Holocaust’ is a lie to keep our race in chains and express our desire to see the truth revealed.”[70]

Given O9A’s view of the current world order, the group longs for the creation of a new civilization (or “aeon”) based on principles of fascism and satanism.[71] O9A believes that this shift will coincide with the emergence of “Vindex,” which the non-profit Hope not Hate has described as “a ludicrous sub-Nietzschean superman figure.”[72] To bring about this new aeon, O9A encourages members to undermine existing society by engaging in illegal acts, including murder, sexual assault, and culling (or human sacrifice).[73] O9A also encourages members to “secretly infiltrate organisations such as the military or Christian churches in order to destabilise them from within.”[74

Political Activities

There are no recorded political activities for this group.

Targets And Tactics

O9A seeks to undermine and destabilize the current world order through the practice of magic and direct action.[75] The practice of magic involves “increasing chaotic and destabilizing energies,” while direct action involves committing evil and disruptive acts, including murder, rape, pedophilia, and “culling” or human sacrifice.[76] In The Dreccian Way—a manual written by the former Outer Representative Richard Moult— Moult writes: “Culling is natural and necessary. To cull humans is to be the ONA. To cull – according to our guidelines and tests – is what makes us ONA.”[77] Such culling may be achieved “either through magic or direct murder.”[78] Importantly, O9A encourages its members to not only carry out evil but, according to The Dreccian Way, to “spread it, encourage it, incite it, support it.”[79] O9A also encourages members “to infiltrate military and Christian organizations to subvert them from within.”[80] There is no evidence that O9A has ever planned or carried out a collective attack.

Attacks

Disclaimer: These are some selected major attacks in the militant organization's history. It is not a comprehensive listing but captures some of the most famous attacks or turning points during the campaign.

Order of Nine Angles has not carried out any sophisticated attacks, but it has been linked to several attempted and committed violent crimes, including terrorist attacks, murders, and rapes.[81]

March 2019: Jack Reed, a 16-year-old British boy, was arrested on terror-related charges.[82] In November 2019, Reed was found guilty of planning a terrorist attack, becoming the youngest person to be convicted of such a crime in the United Kingdom.[83] According to police, Reed compiled a list of places in his hometown of Durham that were, in his words, “worth attacking.”[84] In his diary, Reed wrote of an “inevitable race war.”[85] The teenager was allegedly influenced by several individuals tied to O9A, which prosecutors characterized as the “most prominent and recognisable link between Satanism and the extreme right.”[86] In January 2020, Reed was sentenced to six years and eight months in custody.[87]

June 10, 2020: Ethan Melzer, a 22-year-old U.S. Army private from Louisville, Kentucky, was arrested by American authorities and charged with “planning an attack on his U.S. Army unit by sending sensitive details about the unit – including information about its location, movements, and security” – to members of O9A over Telegram.[88] According to federal prosecutors, Melzer hoped to cause “the deaths of as many of his fellow service members as possible.”[89] On June 24, 2022, Melzer pled guilty to “attempting to murder U.S. service members, providing and attempting to provide material support to terrorists, and illegally transmitting national defense information.”[90] He faces up to 45 years in prison. Melzer’s sentencing date is scheduled for January 6, 2023.[91]

September 12, 2020: 34-year-old Guilherme (William) Von Neutegem stabbed and killed Mohamed-Aslim Zafis outside of a mosque in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[92] Von Neutegem was arrested by Canadian police a week later. His online presence reveals a connection to O9A. On Facebook, for example, Von Neutegem followed the pages of several O9A nexions. Additionally, on YouTube, Von Neutegem posted a video entitled “Chant (ONA)” in which a man chants over a monolith with an O9A symbol.[93] Von Neutegem is currently awaiting trial, which is scheduled to begin in January 2023.[94]

Interactions

Vertical Tabs

Designated / Listed

This group has not been designated as a terrorist organization by any major national government or international body. This could change, however, as several governments have come under pressure to label O9A as a terrorist group in recent years. For example, in 2020, the British anti-extremist group Hope not Hate launched a campaign to have O9A banned and listed as a terrorist organization by the British government.[95] Additionally, in April 2021, U.S. lawmaker Elissa Slotkin urged the Biden administration to designate O9A as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO).[96]

Community Relations

As a secretive group that operates out of the public eye, O9A has not cultivated close relations with local communities.

Relationships With Other Groups

O9A does not have any formal relationships with other groups. Rather than actively engaging with the groups listed below, O9A’s ties to them are based on the dissemination of its texts and ideology. Because of the secrecy surrounding membership in O9A, it is difficult to determine whether certain O9A-linked individuals from other far-right groups are genuine members of O9A or simply supportive of its ideology.

Atomwaffen Division/National Socialist Order[97]

The Atomwaffen Division (AWD) – known as National Socialist Order (NSO) after July 2020 – is an accelerationist neo-Nazi militant organization operating in the United States with affiliates overseas. The name “Atomwaffen” is German for “nuclear weapons.” AWD promotes the use of violence to overthrow the U.S. government, foment a race war, and establish a new society based on principles of national socialism and white supremacism. Founded in 2015, the group is known for its anti-Semitic, anti-LGBT, and apocalyptic beliefs. AWD has been linked to acts of violence in the United States, including killings, explosives and firearms offenses, and plots against critical infrastructure.[98] AWD has been designated as a terrorist organization by the British, Canadian, and Australian governments.[99]

After John Cameron Denton took over leadership of AWD in 2017, he integrated aspects of O9A’s ideology into AWD’s set of beliefs.[100] For example, Denton added O9A’s book Hostia: Secret Teachings of the Order of Nine Angles to his organization’s reading list.[101] Neo-Nazi satanism appears to be a long-term interest for Denton, evidenced by his social media posts featuring O9A logos in 2014 and 2015, well before he became the leader of AWD.[102] Though Denton’s ideological affinity for O9A alienated some members of AWD, proponents of O9A succeeded in reshaping the core tenets of AWD toward the neo-Nazi occult.[103] For example, in 2019, then-U.S. Army Private First Class Corwyn Storm Carver, reportedly a member of AWD, posted photos online of himself with O9A paraphernalia.[104] Other members of AWD have posted messages testifying to their support of O9A in online chat rooms.[105]

Tempel ov Blood

Tempel ov Blood (ToB) is a low-profile United States-based affiliate of O9A. Although ToB is officially independent of O9A, it derives its satanist neo-Nazi ideology from O9A.[106] The group describes itself as “a hybrid between a traditional satanic coven and a (religious) militant order.”[107] ToB is co-led by Joshua Caleb Sutter and his wife Jillian Hoy, who are based in South Carolina and who have a history of adherence to extremist ideologies.[108] In addition to leading ToB, Sutter has also served as a “prolific publisher of O9A-related books through his Martinet Press imprint.”[109]

Sonnenkrieg Division

The Sonnenkrieg Division (SKD) is the United Kingdom-based affiliate of AWD. The German term “Sonnenkrieg” translates to “sun war” or “solar war.”[110] SKD originated as a splinter group of the System Resistance Network, which is an alias of National Action (NA), a proscribed British neo-Nazi organization. In early 2018, SKD’s leader Andrew Dymock and other NA members began feuding with the organization when NA rejected their growing interest in O9A and several of its principal ideas, including satanism, pedophilia, and rape.[111] These ideas, in addition to murder, became core tenets of SKD’s ideology and feature prominently in the group’s propaganda.[112] By the middle of 2018, the group reportedly broke with NA and became independent.[113]

SKD attracted widespread attention in December 2018 when two teenage members, Michal Szewczuk and Oskar Dunn-Koczorowski, posted threats against the life of Great Britain’s Prince Harry on the internet.[114] The pair attacked Harry as a “race traitor” for his marriage to American actress Meghan Markle, who is of mixed race. SKD’s leader, Andrew Dymock, was arrested and charged with stirring up racial hatred and several terrorism offenses, including encouraging terrorism, disseminating terrorist publications, and terrorist fundraising.[115] The British and Australian governments designated the Sonnenkrieg Division as a terrorist organization in February 2020 and March 2021, respectively.[116]

National Action

National Action (NA) is a British neo-Nazi terrorist group that was banned by the British government in 2016.[117] Founded in 2013, the group is “unapologetically racist” and has “promoted ethnic cleansing and attacks on LGBTQ+ people and liberals.”[118] The British Prosecutor Barnaby Jameson characterized NA as a “direct throwback to the original Nazism of the 1930s.”[119] A well-known and outspoken member of the group is Ryan Fleming, who is also the leader of an O9A nexion in Yorkshire, England. According to a 2020 report by Hope not Hate, private messages on the now-defunct neo-Nazi web forum Iron March “show how Fleming guided interested users to readings on O9A and its ideology.”[120] In July 2017, Fleming was jailed for three years for raping a fourteen-year-old girl he met on Facebook.[121] Another member of National Action with ties to O9A is Garron Helm, a neo-Nazi who was jailed in 2014 “for racially abusing” Luciana Berger, a British former Member of Parliament.[122] Specifically, Helm sent Berger a tweet in which he called her a “communist jewess” and that included the hashtag “Hitler was right.”[123]

State Sponsors And External Influences

There are no identifiable external influences for this group.

Footnotes
Footnotes: 

[1] This date is an estimate. While scholars agree that O9A was founded at some point in the early 1970s, the group’s secrecy has made it difficult to determine any specifics regarding when and how it originated.

[2] “Durham neo-Nazi teenager convicted of planning terror attack.” BBC News. November 20, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-50470957.

[3] Lamoureux, Mack. “What You Need to Know About the Obscure Occult Group Linked to Toronto Murder.” VICE. September 28, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/xg8bmj/the-order-of-nine-angles-the-obsc....

[4] “Understanding and Appreciating the ONA.” Lapis Philosophicus. N.d. https://lapisphilosophicus.wordpress.com/2012/09/04/understanding-and-ap....

[5] “United States of America v. Ethan Phelan Melzer, a/k/a ‘Etil Reggad,’ Defendant,” U.S. Department of Justice, June 4, 2020, https://www.justice.gov/file/1287701/download.

[6] Introvigne, Massimo. Satanism: A Social History (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 360.; Monette, Connell and John Shoup. Mysticism in the 21st Century (Sirius Academic Press, 2015), 91.

[7] Introvigne, Massimo. Satanism: A Social History (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 360.

[8] Senholt, Jacob C. “Secret Identities in the Sinister Tradition: Political Esotericism and the Convergence of Radical Islam, Satanism, and National Socialism in the Order of Nine Angles”, in P. Faxneld and J.A. Petersen, The Devil’s Party: Satanism in Modernity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 255.; Introvigne, Massimo. Satanism: A Social History (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 357-358.; Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020... Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity (New York: New York University Press, 2002), 216.

[9] Monette, Connell and John Shoup. Mysticism in the 21st Century (Sirius Academic Press, 2015), 92.; Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity (New York: New York University Press, 2002), 218.

[10] Monette, Connell and John Shoup. Mysticism in the 21st Century (Sirius Academic Press, 2015), 92.

[11] Monette, Connell and John Shoup. Mysticism in the 21st Century (Sirius Academic Press, 2015), 92.; Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020....

[12] Winston, Ali. “The Satanist Neo-Nazi Plot to Murder U.S. Soldiers.” Rolling Stone. June 5, 2022.  https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/the-satanist-neo-nazi-plot-to-murder-u-s-soldiers-1352629/.; Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020....

[13]Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2019: The People Versus the Elite?” Hope not Hate. 2019. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/state-of-hate-2019-final.pdf.; Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020....

[14] “Durham neo-Nazi teenager convicted of planning terror attack.” BBC News. November 20, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-50470957.; De Simone, Daniel. “Terror plot: Durham teenage neo-Nazi named as Jack Reed.” BBC News. January 11, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-55618747.

[15] De Simone, Daniel. “Durham teen neo-Nazi became ‘living dead.’” BBC News. November 22, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-50397477.

[16] De Simone, Daniel. “Durham teen neo-Nazi became ‘living dead.’” BBC News. November 22, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-50397477.

[17] “U.S. Army Soldier Charged With Terrorism Offenses for Planning Deadly Ambush on Service Members In His Unit.” United States Department of Justice. June 22, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/us-army-soldier-charged-terrorism-o....

[18] Mapping Militant Organizations. “Atomwaffen Division/National Socialist Order.” Stanford University. Last modified February 2021. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mapping militants/profiles/atomwaffen-division.

[19] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020... Weill, Kelly. “Satanism Drama Is Tearing Apart the Murderous Neo-Nazi Group Atomwaffen.” The Daily Beast. March 21, 2018. https://www.thedailybeast.com/satanism-drama-is-tearing-apart-the-murder... “Atomwaffen Division (AWD)/National Socialist Order (NSO).” Anti-Defamation League. 2022. https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/atomwaffen-division-awd-nati....

[20] “Atomwaffen and the SIEGE parallax: how one neo-Nazi’s life’s work is fueling a younger generation.” Southern Poverty Law Center. February 22, 2018. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02/22/atomwaffen-and-siege-para...’s-life’s-work-fueling-younger-generation.

[21] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020....

[22] Potter, Nicholas. “From Satanic Paedophile Cults to Baking Competitions.” Belltower News. July 5, 2021. https://www.belltower.news/fascism-in-the-uk-from-satanic-paedophile-cul....

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[65] Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity (New York: New York University Press, 2002), 218.

[66] “Pretenders, Frauds, and The Order of Nine Angles.” Lapis Philosophicus. N.d.  https://lapisphilosophicus.wordpress.com/2013/02/15/pretenders-frauds-an....

[67] “Factsheet: The Order of the Nine Angles.” Religion Media Centre. June 29, 2020. https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/factsheets/factsheet-nine-angles/.

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[69] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020....

[70] “United States of America v. Ethan Phelan Melzer, a/k/a ‘Etil Reggad,’ Defendant,” U.S. Department of Justice, June 4, 2020, https://www.justice.gov/file/1287701/download.

[71] De Simone, Daniel. “Order of the Nine Angles: What is this obscure Nazi Satanist group?” BBC News. June 23, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-53141759.; Monette, Connell and John Shoup. Mysticism in the 21st Century (Sirius Academic Press, 2015), 93.

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[74] Weill, Kelly. “Inside the Private Messages of Neo-Nazi Group Atomwaffen Division.” The Daily Beast. November 8, 2019. https://www.thedailybeast.com/inside-the-private-messages-of-neo-nazi-gr....

[75] Senholt, Jacob C. “Secret Identities in the Sinister Tradition: Political Esotericism and the Convergence of Radical Islam, Satanism, and National Socialism in the Order of Nine Angles”, in P. Faxneld and J.A. Petersen, The Devil’s Party: Satanism in Modernity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 267.; Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2019: The People Versus the Elite?” Hope not Hate. 2019. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/state-of-hate-2019-final.pdf.

[76] Senholt, Jacob C. “Secret Identities in the Sinister Tradition: Political Esotericism and the Convergence of Radical Islam, Satanism, and National Socialism in the Order of Nine Angles”, in P. Faxneld and J.A. Petersen, The Devil’s Party: Satanism in Modernity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 267.; Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2019: The People Versus the Elite?” Hope not Hate. 2019. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/state-of-hate-2019-final.pdf.

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[78] “Factsheet: The Order of Nine Angles.” Religion Media Centre. June 29, 2020. https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/factsheets/factsheet-nine-angles/.

[79] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2019: The People Versus the Elite?” Hope not Hate. 2019. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/state-of-hate-2019-final.pdf.

[80] “Order of Nine Angles.” Counter Extremism Project. N.d.  https://www.counterextremism.com/supremacy/order-nine-angles.

[81] Lamoureux, Mack. “What You Need to Know About the Obscure Occult Group Linked to Toronto Murder.” VICE. September 28, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/xg8bmj/the-order-of-nine-angles-the-obsc....

[82] Dearden, Lizzie. “One of UK’s youngest terror plotters named after losing anonymity battle.” Independent. January 11, 2021. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/neo-nazi-terror-plot-durham-....

[83] “Durham neo-Nazi teenager convicted of planning terror attack.” BBC News. November 20, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-50470957.; De Simone, Daniel. “Terror plot: Durham teenage neo-Nazi named as Jack Reed.” BBC News. January 11, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-55618747.

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[86] De Simone, Daniel. “Durham teen neo-Nazi became ‘living dead.’” BBC News. November 22, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-50397477.

[87] Walker, Amy. “Neo-Nazi Durham teenager who planned Durham attack sentenced to six years.” The Guardian. January 7, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/07/neo-nazi-teenager-who-pl....

[88] “U.S. Army Soldier Charged With Terrorism Offenses for Planning Deadly Ambush on Service Members In His Unit.” United States Department of Justice. June 22, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/us-army-soldier-charged-terrorism-o....

[89] Feuer, Alan. “U.S. Army Soldier Charged in Neo-Nazi Plot to Attack Fellow Troops.” The New York Times. June 22, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/nyregion/ethan-melzer-neo-nazi-attack....

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[92] Lamoureux, Mack. “What You Need to Know About the Obscure Occult Group Linked to Toronto Murder.” VICE. September 28, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/xg8bmj/the-order-of-nine-angles-the-obsc....

[93] Ling, Justin. “Suspect in Grisly Mosque Murder Was Obsessed With ‘Race War’ Group.” The Daily Beast. March 20, 2022. https://www.thedailybeast.com/suspect-in-canadian-mosque-murder-was-obse... Lamoureux, Mack. “What You Need to Know About the Obscure Occult Group Linked to Toronto Murder.” VICE. September 28, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/xg8bmj/the-order-of-nine-angles-the-obsc....

[94] Ling, Justin. “Suspect in Grisly Mosque Murder Was Obsessed With ‘Race War’ Group.” The Daily Beast. March 20, 2022. https://www.thedailybeast.com/suspect-in-canadian-mosque-murder-was-obse....

[95] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020... Lowles, Nick. “A Nazi-satanist cult is fuelling far-right groups—overlooked by the UK authorities.” The New Statesman. March 4, 2020. https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2020/03/nazi-satanist-... Givetash, Linda. “U.S. soldier’s alleged connection to satanic Nazi extremist group renews calls to ban it.” NBC News. June 25, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-soldier-s-alleged-connection-sata....

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[97] See the Mapping Militants Project’s Atomwaffen Division profile for more information on the group: https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mapping militants/profiles/atomwaffen-division.

[98] Mapping Militant Organizations. “Atomwaffen Division/National Socialist Order.” Stanford University. Last modified February 2021. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mapping militants/profiles/atomwaffen-division.; “Atomwaffen and the SIEGE parallax: how one Neo-Nazi’s life’s work is fueling a younger generation.” Southern Poverty Law Center. February 22, 2018. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02/22/atomwaffen-and-siege-para...’s-life’s-work-fueling-younger-generation.

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[100] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020... Weill, Kelly. “Satanism Drama Is Tearing Apart the Murderous Neo-Nazi Group Atomwaffen.” The Daily Beast. March 21, 2018. https://www.thedailybeast.com/satanism-drama-is-tearing-apart-the-murder... “Atomwaffen Division (AWD)/National Socialist Order (NSO).” Anti-Defamation League. 2022. https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/atomwaffen-division-awd-nati....

[101] “Atomwaffen and the SIEGE parallax: how one neo-Nazi’s life’s work is fueling a younger generation.” Southern Poverty Law Center. February 22, 2018. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02/22/atomwaffen-and-siege-para...’s-life’s-work-fueling-younger-generation.

[102] Weill, Kelly. “Satanism Drama Is Tearing Apart the Murderous Neo-Nazi Group Atomwaffen.” The Daily Beast. March 21, 2018. https://www.thedailybeast.com/satanism-drama-is-tearing-apart-the-murder....

[103] Lowles et al. “State of Hate 2020: Far Right Terror Goes Global.” Hope not Hate. 2020. https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020....

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[106] Mapping Militant Organizations. “Atomwaffen Division/National Socialist Order.” Stanford University. Last modified February 2021. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mapping militants/profiles/atomwaffen-division.

[107] “Atomwaffen and the SIEGE parallax: how one Neo-Nazi’s life’s work is fueling a younger generation.” Southern Poverty Law Center. February 22, 2018. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/02/22/atomwaffen-and-siege-para...’s-life’s-work-fueling-younger-generation.

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